摘要： 无论债务人对外提供的是人的担保还是物的担保,当不具有合理对价时,都具有财产减损效果。担保人承担担保责任后享有追偿权,虽然追偿权能被视为对价,但此对价明显不合理,故债务人对外担保可能构成诈害行为。当债务人在破产临界期内对外提供担保时,推定债务人当时已经资力不足,且主观上具有损害债权人的恶意。在客观等值原则下,考虑到债务人在行为时所能获得的直接利益与间接利益,若债务人能获得合理对价,则担保行为不可撤销。如果是公司集团成员间互相担保,当主债务人与债务人具有相同利益时,应当认定担保具有合理对价。债务人对外担保的破产撤销,应当以相对人的主观恶意为要件,并以调查知情原则判断相对人的善恶意,以此兼顾交易安全与破产效率。

关键词: 破产撤销权, 债权人撤销权, 对外担保, 合理对价, 公司担保

Abstract: Whether a debtor provides a personal or proprietary guarantee to an external party, the absence of reasonably equivalent consideration renders the transaction detrimental to the debtor's estate.Although the right of recourse acquired by the guarantor after performance may be regarded as a form of consideration, it is patently unreasonable.Consequently, such external guarantees possess the potential to be characterized as fraudulent transfers.When a guarantee is provided during the suspect period preceding bankruptcy, it is presumed that the debtor was insolvent at that time and acted with intent to defraud creditors.Under the principle of objective equivalence, the determination of reasonably equivalent consideration must account for both direct and indirect benefits accruing to the debtor at the time of the transaction.If reasonable consideration is established, the guarantee should not be voidable.In the context of intra-group guarantees among corporate group members, reasonable consideration is deemed present when the primary obligor and the guaranteeing debtor share identical interests.The avoidance of a debtor's external guarantee in bankruptcy proceedings should be contingent upon the counterparty's subjective bad faith.The principle of constructive knowledge shall guide the assessment of such good or bad faith, thereby balancing the need for transactional security with the efficiencies required in bankruptcy administration.

Key words: Bankruptcy Avoidance Power, Creditors' Right of Revocation, External Guarantees, Reasonable Consideration, Corporate Guarantees