摘要： 关于未约定保证份额的共同保证责任,《民法典》第699条修改了原《担保法》第12条规定的连带共同保证推定规则,但仍存诸多争议。就共同保证形态而言,基于意思表示解释的基本原理,只有当事人明确约定提供连带共同保证,或者能够证明各保证人有共同分担保证责任的意思时,才能成立连带共同保证。就保证人的保证范围而言,在成立连带共同保证时,需要根据保证人与债权人的约定确定其保证责任范围;在不成立连带共同保证时,保证人应当在约定的保证范围内对债权人承担保证责任,或者对全部债权的实现承担保证责任。就保证人之间的追偿权而言,保证人承担保证责任不构成第三人代为履行,也不成立债权的法定移转,保证人之间原则上不享有追偿权。只有在成立连带共同保证或者保证人之间约定追偿权时,保证人之间才能依法追偿。

关键词: 共同保证, 保证份额, 按份共同保证, 连带共同保证, 保证责任

Abstract: Where two or more guarantors exist for the same obligation without an agreement on their respective shares of guarantee, Article 699 of the Chinese Civil Code has revised the previous presumptive rule of joint and several liability under Article 12 of the former Guarantee Law.Nevertheless, considerable controversies remain.As to the forms of joint guaranty, in accordance with the fundamental principles of the interpretation of manifestation of intent, joint and several guaranty liability shall be established only if the parties expressly agree on it, or if the guarantors are proved to have a common intent to share the guaranty liability.As to the scope of each guarantor's liability, if joint and several guaranty liability is established, the scope of guaranty liability shall be determined by the agreement between the guarantor and the creditor; if not, each guarantor shall be liable to the creditor within its agreed scope of guaranty liability or for the full performance of the obligation.In principle, no guarantor shall have a right of recourse against other guarantors, as bearing guaranty liability shall neither constitute performance by a third party nor give rise to a statutory transfer of the claim.A right of recourse among guarantors shall be legally enforceable only in either of the following circumstances: a joint and several guarantee is established among them, or the guarantors have expressly agreed on the right of recourse.

Key words: Joint Guaranty, Guaranty Shares, Several Guaranty, Joint and Several Guaranty, Guaranty Liability