摘要： 当前,数据流通共享仍然面临着个人信息保护、数据安全和竞争担忧等多重制约,可信数据空间正是破解制约因素的关键基础设施。可信数据空间在法律上具有数据基础设施、交易中介与数据生态系统元组织等三重角色,对现有法律制度调整提出了诸多新课题。为应对新的风险挑战,在法理层面,“数据权益容他论”与“复合平等正义论”应作为可信数据空间技术与制度构建的理论根基,通过技术与制度的协同设计实现数据权益的容他性与利益分配的正义性。在制度层面,其合规运行与目标实现亟需制度规范的保障,应从目标、主体、行为和权义结构等四个维度构建制度规范体系,以保证数据流通共享具有可行性、可信性、高效性与正义性。

关键词: 可信数据空间, 法律定位, 数据权益容他, 复合平等正义, 制度构建

Abstract: Current data circulation and sharing still face multiple constraints such as personal information protection, data security and competition concerns.Trusted Data Spaces (TDS) is the key infrastructure to overcome these constraints.TDS holds a triple legal identity—functioning as data infrastructure, transaction intermediaries, and meta-organization of the data ecosystem Therefore, it presents many new challenges to the adjustment of existing legal systems.To address these challenges, the “Theory of Inclusion in Data Rights & Interests” and the “Theory of Complex Equality and Justice” should serve as the theoretical foundation for the construction of trusted data space, achieving the inclusion of data rights & interests and justice in benefit distribution through the collaborative design of technology and institutions.At the institutional level, the compliant operation and goals realization of TDS require the construction of a system of regulations from four dimensions: objectives, subjects, actions, and rights-obligations structure, to ensure the feasibility, credibility, efficiency, and justice of data circulation and sharing.

Key words: Trusted Data Spaces, Legal Positioning, Inclusion in Data Rights &Interests, Complex Equality and Justice, Institutional Design