摘要： 宪法基本权利是一个开放而非封闭的体系，得益于宪法文本之外权利的司法保护，主要包括人身与经济自由，是法官通过对第十四条修正案正当程序条款采用实质性正当程序的解释而完成的。通过适用不同的审查标准，法院徘徊于谦抑与能动之间。先例规则使司法承认的权利在个案中具有拘束力。美国政府与公众对法官创制非文本自由利益并未给予过多的怀疑，法官只是需要警惕防止在抵制一个专断的过程中形成新的专断。

关键词: 法官 , 司法创制的权利 , 先例规则

Abstract: The constitutional fundamental rights is open？ended systems，as result of judicial protection for constitutional rights，including physical freedom and economic freedom，through interpreting substantive due process with due process clause of the fifteen amendment．By being applied all kinds of scrutiny test，the court is often now deferential and now active．Judicial recognition rights may bind in cases due to excising stare decisis．Both American government and public does not suspect of which judicial created non—text liberty interest，it only needs that the judge defense not to form a new arbitrary in the process of protection against the old arbitrary．

Key words: judge, judicial created rights, stare decisis