摘要： 德国法上的公法人包括公法社团、公营造物和公法财团三种。对于公法人在私法领域的活动范围的限制，应当采代理权限制说。公法人实施私法行为时，应当适用私法，且法人依章程任命的代理人的行为被看作法人自己的行为。另外，有破产能力的公法人的董事有义务申请该公法人进入破产程序，否则要对债权人因迟延申请所造成的损害承担责任。德国公法人理论对于我国公法人制度的借鉴意义为：帮助我们对我国法上的公法人进行分类整理；公法人从事目的范围外的活动，应当认定为法人代表人没有相应的代表权；承认一定范围的公法人具有破产能力并强化董事等申请破产的义务；通过扩大“法定代表人”的内涵，来解决所谓的“职务代理”问题。

关键词: 公法人 , 公法社团 , 公法财团 , 公营造物

Abstract: In German civil law，public legal persons are divided into three groups，namely public associations，public foundations and public Anstalten．The limitations，which lay down upon about the activities of public legal persons，should be considered to be limitations about the power of agents．When public legal persons act in the civil field，the civil law is applied．The representatives act as if the legal person itself．What’S more，the administrators should apply for the liquidation process，otherwise they are responsible for the loss of the debtors．The theory about Germany public legal persons is of great importance to us．Firstly it helps us categorize legal persons in Chinese civil law．Secondly when a public legal person acts outside of the purpose—oriented scope，the representative should be take of as Ultra Vires．Thirdly we should let some public juristic persons go bankrupt，and the administrators take responsibility to apply for the liquidation process．Lastly we can interpret the concept of legal representatives in order to solve the problem about the agency according to position．

Key words: Public Legal Persons, Public Associations, Public Foundations, Public Anstahen