摘要： 随着现代社会关于人格价值观念的变化，对于胎儿的人格价值和尊严的承认成为社会的主流价值。因应此种诉求，民法采用多种方法对胎儿予以保护。但是局限于传统的以出生后的人为原型构建起来的民法体系，对于胎儿的保护在许多方面并不能与传统的民法制度相协调，产生了体系上的不兼容。由于胎儿已经具有了生命、身体、健康这些人格要素，成为一种不完满的人格存在，属于准人格。以此准人格状态为基础，胎儿在某些法律关系中具有了部分权利能力，而且具有了作为人格权客体的人格要素。通过对于胎儿的部分权利能力及人格要素的承认，胎儿的各项法律保护都可获得教义学基础，以实现与民法体系的兼容。虽然胎儿具有了部分权利能力，但是其欠缺理性的认识能力，并不具有行为能力，需要为其设定保护人，由保护人作为其法定代理人代其从事各项法律行为。

关键词: 胎儿, 准人格, 部分权利能力, 人格要素, 保护人

Abstract: With the change of the personality value in modem society, the acceptance of the personality value of fetusbecomes the requirement of the mainstream social value，According to this tendency，civil law takes many meth-ods to protect the fetus ．However, restricted by the civil law system which was composed of the person afterbirth, the protection of fetus can not coordinate with the system of civil law. Because of the life, the body, the health, fetus has got the personality dignity and is endowed with quasi-personality, which in turn gives the fetusthe partial capacity to enjoy the right as well as the elements of personality. Therefore，protections of fetus is jus-tified dogmatically and is integrated into the system of civil law. However, because of the inability of capacity foract, fetus needs a guardian as deputy to take juristic act.

Key words: Fetus, Quasi-personality, Partial Capacity for Right, Element of Personality, Guardian