摘要： 本文从刑法上承诺之正当化根据入手，重点研究了中国刑法理论以及刑事审判关于被害人承诺的理解和处理案件的基本立场。承诺之正当化的根据乃是意思自治；在中国，被害人承诺是一种超法规的正当化事由；没有达到法定年龄的人的同意是无效承诺；重型精神病人无论是同意和他人发生性关系，还是同意他人拿走自己的财物等，其“同意”都不能排除相对行为人的强奸或盗窃等行为的犯罪性。中国刑法学一般将基于认识错误的承诺分为“事实错误”与“动机错误”两类。事实错误不能排除相对行为人之行为的犯罪性，动机错误则可以排除相对行为人之行为的犯罪性。

关键词: 承诺, 正当化, 认识错误, 事实错误, 动机错误

Abstract: This paper begins with the basis on which consent could be justified focusing on the comprehension level of consent of theoretical workers as well as judicial officers and the basic stands of treating consent cases in Chinese criminal justice. The author holds that the principle of autonomy of will is the justifiable basis of consent, that consent is an extra-statute justifiable cause in China, and that a dangerous psychopath’s consent is invalid to exempt the criminality of the defendant s act of rape or steal which has been done according to such consent. Consents with mistakes are divided into two types in Chinese criminal law theory, namely consents with factual mistakes and consents with motivated errors. The former type of consent can not give exemption of criminality,whereas the latter can exempt the criminality of the corresponding act.

Key words: Consent, Justification, Mistakes, False of Fact, False of Intent