摘要： 假想防卫的研究应完成方法论的转换。若机械地拼接德日相关学说，容易造成“扭曲的学说谱系”；限制责任说的实质内涵在于确立“故意的认识对象包括构成要件该当事实和违法性的基础事实”，将“类推适用”视作其“标签”属于误读。以往通过对具体学说的检讨以求达成“统一解”的思路并不可行，体系性思考关注立场和出发点，错误论、故意论、阶层论三条主线是可借助的重要线索。“作为责任要素的故意说”、法律效果援用的罪责论等优势学说，一旦引入体系性思考的轨道，仍面临着掣肘，尚需进一步审思与修正。行为无价值二元论如果不承认故意的双重机能，在故意的阻却上应充分发挥“不法的故意”之实质判断功能；在过失与否的认定上，可以在否定不法的故意以后，直接判断不法的过失存在与否，亦可以就过失犯的认定从头开始，但需将判断时点提前至行为人出现误认的时刻。

关键词: 假想防卫, 体系性思考, 事实错误说, 限制责任说, 故意

Abstract: The current research of imaginary defense should complete the transformation of methodology.It is easy to create“distorted doctrines”when all kinds of doctrines are spliced mechanically.The essence of the limited liability theory is to establish“intentional objects include the basic facts of the constructive conditions and illegality”and it is a misreading to consider“analogy”as the“tag”of the theory.It is not feasible to achieve a“unified solution”through the review of specific doctrines in the past.Systematic thinking take into account position and starting point, the three main lines of error theory, intention theory and hierarchy theory are important clues.The so-called dominant theories still face the handicaps in system and deserve further thinking.If the stand of Handlungsunwert doesn't admit the dual functions of intention, the intention of illegitimacy should play the essential judgment role fully to deny the conclusion of intention.In the determination of negligence, it is possible to judge the existence or not of the negligence of illegitimacy directly, or to start from the beginning, but it is necessary to bring forward the time of judgment to the moment when the error take place.

Key words: Imaginary Defense, Systematic Thinking, Factual Error Theory, Limited Liability Theory, Intention