摘要： 法律在对医患纠纷的处理上有着难以克服的功能局限性。由于医患之间在信息与知识上的高度不对称，以及医疗事故中的风险与损失难以被外在化，法律不仅难以有效地预防医患纠纷，也难以有效地解决医患纠纷。医疗过错责任在实际的操作中还具有严格化的趋向，而这会导致过度威慑。法律对医患纠纷的处理基本可被归结为控制模式。信任模式则基于较低的信息成本以及特殊的道德情感特质，能够更有效地预防医患纠纷。沟通是建立医患信任的最重要方式，但其传达的主要是道德情感信息，不是医学专业信息。由于信任推断的潜在性与监管成本的高昂，法律既无法强迫医患之间相互信任，也难以强制形成充满人性关怀的沟通。加强有效沟通以实现医患信任的方法，只能是非价格竞争。为了实现医疗机构之间的这种有效竞争，应建立政府支持与限制下的市场模拟体制。

关键词: 医患纠纷, 控制模式, 信任模式, 沟通, 非价格竞争

Abstract: Law has insuperable functional limitations when it deals with doctor-patient disputes. Due to the asymmetry in information and knowledge between doctor and patient, and the risk and damage difficult to be externalized in medical malpractices, law is not only difficult to prevent but also to resolve doctor-patient disputes. Medical fault liability has the trend of severization in practical operation, which will lead to excessive deterrence. We can summarize law’s dealing with doctor-patient disputes as“Control Pattern”. But“Trust  Pattern”can prevent doctor-patient disputes more efficiently by lower information cost and particular moral emotion. Communication is the most important method of building doctor-patient trust, but the information that it communicates is mainly about moral emotion rather than medicine. Because of the subconsciousness of trust deduction and the highness of supervision cost，law is not only impossible to enforce the trust between doctor and patient, but also difficult to enforce the communication full of human-caring. The only method of  strengthening efficient communication to realize doctor-patient trust is nonprice competition. In order to form  the efficient competition among medical institutions, we should set up the market simulation system supported and limited by government.

Key words: Doctor-patient Dispute, Control Pattern, Trust Pattern, Communication, Nonprice Competition