摘要： 无因管理本人的偿还义务范围由无因管理制度的基础范式决定。在法律史和比较法的研究视野内，无因管理制度主要存在两种基础范式，这两种范式分别以非紧急的一般情况和紧急情况作为基础，并在保护对象和适用范围上各有利弊。当代主要大陆法系国家的民法典普遍以一般情况作为基础范式，对见义勇为等情况则在无因管理制度之内通过紧急管理的特殊规定加以处理。《民法总则》第121条把本人偿还义务范围一般地限定为必要费用，表明其采取了非紧急情况下的财产管理与财产信托的基础范式。《民法通则适用意见》第132条对必要费用加以扩张解释，可能导致本人义务的不当泛化，并与《民法总则》出现体系矛盾。因此这一扩张不应当继续在《民法总则》第121条的解释中坚持。对于管理人因事务管理行为而导致自身损害的情况，我国通过《民法总则》第183条和第184条设置了特别规范。据此，本人对于管理人所受损害部分负法定的适当补偿义务，该义务与必要费用偿还义务同时存在。

关键词: 无因管理, 紧急管理, 见义勇为, 必要费用, 适当补偿

Abstract: The scope of dominus's obligation of repayment in negotiorum gestio is determined by the basic paradigm of the negotiorum gestio.In the research field of legal history and comparative law, there are two basic paradigms in the negotiorum gestio system.These two paradigms are based on general(non-emergency)situations and emergencies, and both have advantages and disadvantages in terms of protection and scope of application.The contemporary civil law countries generally adopt the general situation as the basic paradigm, and treat the situation of remedy through special regulations of emergency management within the negotiorum gestio system.Article 121 of the General Principles of Civil Law generally limits the scope of the repayment obligation to the necessary expenses, indicating that it has adopted the basic paradigm of property management and property trust in non-emergency situations.Article 132 of the“Applicable Opinions of the General Principles of the Civil Law”, due to the confusion of the two basic paradigms of the negotiorum gestio system, may expand the interpretation of the necessary expenses, which may lead to the problem of improper generalization of the obligations of the dominus, and contradict the system within the Civil Law.Therefore, this expansion should not be consisted during the interpretation of Article 121 of the General Principles of Civil Law.In the case of the gestor's own damage caused by the negotiorum gestio, China has set special regulations through Articles 183 and 184 of the General Principles of Civil Law.Accordingly, dominus has a statutory appropriate compensation obligation for the damage suffered by the gestor, and the obligation and the necessary fee repayment obligation exist simultaneously.

Key words: Negotiorum Gestio, Emergency, Rescue, Necessary fee, Appropriate Compensation