摘要：

我国宪法和法律为平等权提供了比较完善的规范保护体系，但现实生活中平等权的保障并不理想。目前所侧重的合理性审查并不能有效实现宪法保障权利和控制权力的目标，有必要为平等权植入“牙齿”。于此，美国平等保护案件的审查方法可资借鉴。美国宪法上平等保护案例的审查方法，已经形成了由合理性审查、中度审查与严格审查等多重审查强度构成的体系，要求根据分类标准和基本权利重要性的不同而采用不同审查强度，审查系争政府目的和手段之间的合理关联性。虽然该审查方法也存在可操作性差、分类标准或审查强度的归入过于主观化以及过于形式主义等诸多批评，但应可以通过后移审查重心、强化分类标准以及综合考量相关因素予以弥补。

关键词: 平等保护, 歧视, 可疑分类, 审查基准

Abstract:

Though the Constitution and the laws of China offers comprehensive normative system for the realization of right to equality，such right has frequently violated.The highlighted rationale review is unable to realize the goal of the Constitution.Accordingly，it is necessary to strengthen the guaranteeing of right to equality by introducing with a framework of analysis.In this regard，the American framework of equal protection scrutiny should be considered a model.The equal protection clause and its meanings was formulated after the Civil War in the United States and have experienced an long and rough progress.The framework of equal protection analysis is an vital part of the doctrine of equal protection.It is a complicated multi-tier framework consisted of rational scrutiny，intermediate scrutiny and strict scrutiny.It attributes a classification to a scrutiny in accordance with the criterion and importance of the right involved and scrutinizes whether the means adopted is substantially related to the end pursued.It helps to protect the rights and control the powers.However，it has been criticized of being impracticable，subjective and too formal，which might be cured by shifting the weight on the means scrutiny，consolidating the classification criterions and highlighting a more comprehensive consideration while attributing the level of scrutiny.

Key words: Equal protection, Discrimination, Suspect Classification, Standard of Review