摘要：

对《宪法》第3条第4款“中央的统一领导”的释义学研究亟待深化。可在梳理“领导”与“统一领导”宪法规范脉络的基础上，区分“领导”“统一领导”“领导和管理”等术语，进而对《宪法》第3条第4款中的“领导”扩大解释。“中央的统一领导”的制度基础包括作为外部要素的中国共产党的领导、作为前提要素的单一制、作为形成要素的人民代表大会制度、作为逻辑要素的民主集中制、作为结构要素的地方的主动性和积极性，以及作为实施要素的中央事权的根本性。“中央的统一领导”的制度实现包括四大环节：作为前提的统一思想的领导，作为基础的宪法和法律的统一实施，作为核心的中央对地方人事、财权和事权的控制，以及作为保障的军事基础。

关键词: 中央统一领导, 中央与地方关系, 《宪法》第3条第4款, 民主集中制, 领导和管理

Abstract:

The unified leadership of the central in the Paragraph 4 Article 3 of the Constitution is the total principle of the relationship between the central and local in China，but the relative hermeneutics research is seriously scarce.Base on the historical development investigation of“lead”and“unified lead”in constitutions，we should discriminate the terms such as“lead”，“unified lead”and“lead and manage”.It will establish the extensive interpretation of the“lead”，which will help us to distinguish this term’s multiple meaning and relative contexts.The institutional basis of the unified central leadership contains 6 aspects：the leadership of the CCP as the external factor，the unitary state system as the premise factor，the system of people’s congresses as the formative factor，the democratic centralism as the logical factor，initiative and activeness of the local as the structure factor，and the fundamentality of the central administrative power as the implemented factor.The implementation of the unified central leadership contains 4 segments：the leadership of unified thoughts；the unified implementation of the constitution，laws and administrative rules；the central control via human affairs，finance and administrative powers；final guarantee of the central military power.

Key words: The Unified Leadership of the Central, Relationship Between the Central and Local Governments, Paragraph 4 Article 3 of the Constitution of China, The Principle of Democratic Centralism, Direct and Administer