摘要： 客观真实是对新中国刑事证据制度本质特征的理论概括,其理论基础有两个:一是辩证唯物主义认识论,二是保障无辜优于惩罚犯罪的价值论。近年来,客观真实论不断受到来自认识论和价值论两个方向上的批判。客观真实论本身并不完美,但迄今为止对客观真实论的批评大都没有切中要害,多种取代客观真实论的理论努力本身存在着更大的问题。将中国刑事证明标签化为印证证明模式,并在客观真实和印证证明之间建立因果关系,夸大了印证法在实现客观真实中的地位,也误读了印证的内涵。故事模式、概率推理、最佳解释推理等并不契合中国刑事审判场景,因而不能成为主导的推理模型。法庭证明的主导方法论是归纳法。刑事审判存在两大制度工具,可以弥补方法论上的不足,实现客观真实。

关键词: 客观真实, 证明模式, 印证证明, 概率推理, 最佳解释推理

Abstract: The objective truth theory is a theoretical summary of the essential characteristics of the criminal evidence system in China, which is based on the epistemology of dialectical materialism, and the theory of value that guaranteeing innocence is superior to punishing crimes.In recent years, the objective truth theory has been constantly attacked from both directions of epistemology and value basis.The objective truth theory itself is not perfect, but so far most of the criticism of the objective truth theory has not hit the point, and many theoretical efforts to replace the objective truth theory themselves have greater problems.To label Chinese criminal proof as the mode of mutual confirmation, and establish a causal relationship between objective truth and mode of Mutual confirmation, exaggerates the status of Mutual confirmation method in the process of finding the objective truth, and misreads the connotation of Mutual confirmation.Story mode, probabilistic reasoning, and inference to the best explanation do not fit the criminal proof context in China, so they cannot become the dominant reasoning model.The dominant methodology of judicial proof is induction.There are two institutional tools in criminal trial, which can make up for the deficiency of methodology and be conducive to the finding of objective truth.

Key words: Objective Truth, Proof Mode, Proof by Mutual Confirmation, Probabilistic Reasoning, Inference to the Best Explanation