摘要： “受贿行贿一起查”的关键在于“一起查”而非绝对地“对称罚”。行贿罪、受贿罪对称性或非对称性惩治不应该是个笼统的概念,应结合构成要件、刑罚配置、量刑情节、查处程序机制等结构要素进行类型化分析,根据各结构要素背后的教义学原理进行对称性或非对称性设计。在构成要件方面,行贿罪与受贿罪的对合犯属性及权钱交易本质决定了应保持对称性。在刑罚配置方面,受贿罪的责任刑、预防刑均高于行贿罪,故配刑应保持非对称性。在量刑情节方面,基于囚徒困境理论,行贿罪特别自首制度应保留且不宜过度限制,而受贿罪特别从宽制度应废除,保持非对称性;行贿罪七种从重情节宜删除。在查处程序方面,建立并案调查、行贿人免刑司法审查等正当程序机制,确保“查”之对称性和“处”之非对称性。

关键词: 受贿行贿一起查, 行贿罪, 受贿罪, 对称性

Abstract: The key of “investigation of offering and accepting bribes together” lies in “investigation together” rather than absolute “symmetrical punishment”.The symmetrical or asymmetric punishment of the crime of offering bribes and the crime of aueptance of bribes should not be a general concept, but should be classified according to the structural elements such as constitutive elements, penalty setting, sentencing circumstances and investigation procedures, and should be based on basic principles.The symmetry should be maintained in the constitutive elements, which is determined by the fact that the crime of offering bribes and the crime of accepting bribes are opposite crimes, and their essence is power-money exchange.In terms of penalty setting, the responsibility penalty and prevention penalty of the crime of accepting bribes are higher than that of the crime of offering bribes, so the punishment allocation should be asymmetrical.In terms of sentencing circumstances, because of the prisoner's dilemma theory, the special confession system of the crime of offering bribes should be retained and not overly restricted, while the special leniency system of the crime of accepting bribes should be abolished to maintain asymmetry.Seven serious circumstances of the crime of offering bribes should be deleted.In terms of investigation procedures, a combined investigation system should be established, and the briber exempted from punishment should go through judicial review procedures to ensure the symmetry of “investigation” and the asymmetry of “treatment”.

Key words: Investigation of Offering and Accepting Bribes Together, Crime of Offering Bribes, Crime of Accepting Bribes, Symmetry