摘要： 从历史视角剖析中国国际法思想的演进与特点,是中国国际法自主知识体系建设的关键组成部分。晚清时期,中国国际法思想的一大特征在于其突出的自然法色彩,这与同一时代西方主流的实证主义思想形成了鲜明对比。既有研究多将此归因于丁韪良所译惠顿《万国公法》一书之影响,但却相对忽视了晚清国际法思想背后更为复杂的历史脉络。在《万国公法》之外,吴尔玺《公法便览》一书的译介,通过对“性”“理”等儒家普世性概念的借用,也在相当程度上推动了晚清国际法思想中的自然法想象;这种自然法化的国际法思想,后来经过郭嵩焘、曾纪泽等晚清知识精英的本土建构,又取得了更大的影响力。而其中所蕴含的中华传统法律文化观念,亦能为我们当下重构国际法话语主体性提供一种宝贵的智识借鉴。

关键词: 国际法思想, 自然法, 法学知识交流, 丁韪良, 《公法便览》

Abstract: Analyzing the evolution and characteristics of Chinese international law thought from a historical perspective is a key component in constructing China's independent knowledge system in international law.During the late Qing period, one notable feature of Chinese international law thought was its prominent natural law orientation, which stood in sharp contrast to the positivist ideas dominant in contemporary Western thought.Existing studies often attribute this to W.A.P.Martin's translation of Wheaton's Elements of International Law.However, these studies have relatively overlooked the more complex historical context underlying late Qing international law thought.Beyond Wheaton's work, the translation and introduction of Theodore Dwight Woolsey's Introduction to the Study of International Law also significantly contributed to the natural law imagination in late Qing international law thought by incorporating Confucian concepts such as xing and li.This natural-law-based approach to international law was further developed through the indigenous construction efforts of late Qing intellectual elites like Guo Songtao and Zeng Jize, gaining even greater influence.The traditional Chinese legal cultural concepts embedded in this thought provide valuable intellectual insights for China as it seeks to reconstruct its subjectivity in international law discourse.

Key words: International Law Thought, Natural Law, Legal Knowledge Exchange, W.A.P.Martin, Gongfa Bianlan