摘要： “数字逝者”技术对现世性的法律规范构成冲击,引发独有的悼念秩序困境和规制难题。既有的研究提出三种规制方案:确定“数字遗存”的归属;引入生前意思自治制度;预先限制技术用途。此三种方案将技术客体化而忽略了技术对社会秩序的建构性,且因具有个体主义倾向,而对生者与死者以及生者之间的关系互动关注不足。“数字逝者”技术具有超越主客体二分的媒介性,其正当性基础不在于死者人格利益的延续抑或生者情感利益的满足,而在于“维持联结”这一以关系而非个人为基本单位的精神利益。以上述技术定位和法理证成为基础,应将“维持联结”作为技术监管原则,区分“私人悼念”“共享空间中的集体悼念”“个体行动公开化后的公共悼念”这三种不同关系情境下的制度安排,并从生前个人意思自治制度向多方协商制度转变。

关键词: 数字逝者, 媒介理论, 关系型利益, 死者人格, 关系秩序

Abstract: The ‘griefbots’ technology impacts on the secular legal norms, and raises unique dilemmas in the mourning order and regulatory challenges.The existing studies have proposed three regulatory options: confirming the attribution of ‘digital remains’, introducing the system of pre-mortem autonomy, and pre-limiting the use of technology.These three options objectify the technology and ignore its construction of social order.They have an individualism tendency and pay insufficient attention to the interaction between the living and the deceased, and among the living.The ‘griefbots’ technology has the mediatization attribute which transcends the subject-object dichotomy.The justification of this technology is not based on the continuation of personality interests of the deceased or the satisfaction of affective interests of the living, but rather on the spiritual interests of “maintaining connection”, the unit of which is relationships rather than individuals.On the basis of this technical orientation and justification,‘maintaining connection’ should be regarded as the technical regulatory principle.There should be a distinction among the system arrangements of ‘private mourning’,‘collective mourning in shared space’, and ‘public mourning after the public communication of personal mourning’, and should be a shift from pre-mortem individual autonomy system to multi-party consultations.

Key words: Griefbots, Mediatization Theory, Relational Interests, Personality of the Deceased, Relations Order