摘要： 《村民委员会组织法(修正草案)》通过删除经济职能相关条款以利于解决与《农村集体经济组织法》职能条款存在的条文表述冲突,但仍未解决两部法律典型列举职能以外集体职能由谁承担,以及农村集体经济组织职能的部分文本依据效力层级低、经济职能与其他职能关系不明确、职能构成尚待具象化等问题。村民委员会基于长期代行集体职能的实践及理论理性而成为集体职能的兜底承担主体。集体职能兜底配置模式成为协调两类组织职能关系的基本依据,形成了明确农村集体经济组织职能即可确定村民委员会职能的思路。按照两类组织主体定位、主要功能差异,集体职能中的经济职能应当全部配置给农村集体经济组织。面向经济职能的优先性和主导性,结合履行能力和履行条件限制,应当将经济职能作为农村集体经济组织的主要职能并通过在配置上严格限制其他职能确保经济职能的有效实现。在职能配置依据上,应当限定为法律、行政法规;在其他职能的构成上,应当限定为总则相关要求转化形成的促进乡村治理、开展民主管理职能以及现行法律、行政法规确定的五类其他职能。通过村级农村集体经济组织统一履行、与村民委员会协同履行保障职能的有效履行。

关键词: 农村集体经济组织职能, 村民委员会职能, 经济职能优先, 限制其他职能, 适度转化

Abstract: In order to coordinate with the relevant provisions of the Law of Rural Collective Economy Organizations, the Organic Law of Villagers' Committees (Revised Draft, 2025) deleted the relevant provisions on economic functions.However, legislators have not made it clear who should undertake other collective functions other than those listed in the two laws.There are also some problems in the functions of rural collective economic organizations, such as the low level of effectiveness of some legal texts, the unclear relationship between economic functions and other functions, and the lack of specific functional composition.Villagers' committees undertake collective functions at the bottom, which has sufficient theoretical and practical basis.The mode of collective functions allocation is conducive to coordinating the relationship of the functions between the two types of organizations, and also provides an important path for determining the functions of rural collective economic organizations.Combined with the differences between the two types of organizations in subject orientation and main functions, all the economic functions should be allocated to rural collective economic organizations.In the case of limited performance ability and performance conditions, economic functions should be regarded as the main functions of rural collective economic organizations, and other functions should be strictly restricted to ensure the effective realization of economic functions.The legal texts of the functions of rural collective economic organizations should be limited to laws and administrative regulations.Other functions of rural collective economic organizations should be composed of promoting rural governance and developing democratic management functions, as well as five other functions determined by existing laws and administrative regulations.The effective performance of the functions of rural collective economic organizations should adhere to the unified performance of village-level rural collective economic organizations and cooperate with villagers' committees.

Key words: Functions of Rural Collective Economic Organizations, Functions of Village Committees, Priority Given to Economic Functions, Restricting Other Functions, Moderate Conversion