摘要： 近年来,我国刑法学界热烈讨论了事后的法益恢复行为与出罪的关系,这一讨论中所呈现的基本主张与德日刑法学界强调事后行为仅仅与量刑有关、与犯罪成立与否无关之普遍见解明显不同,这意味着正确处理事后行为与犯罪成立之间的关系,是建构中国自主刑法知识体系的重大突破口。虽然中外传统刑法理论都围绕着危害行为来确立犯罪成立的界限,但是,我国的刑事立法和司法实践都表明,能够说明行为人是否忠诚于法规范的事后行为也是确立犯罪成立与否的要素。如果行为人的事后行为证明行为人的意志已经切实地定向在忠诚法规范的立场上,就无需再将行为人已经实施的危害行为认定为犯罪。

关键词: 事后行为, 犯罪成立, 法规范忠诚, 意志定向

Abstract: In recent years, there has been intense academic debate in Chinese criminal law regarding the relationship between post-act restoration of legal interests and the exclusion of a criminal offense.The central arguments in this debate differ significantly from the predominant views in German and Japanese criminal law, which emphasize that afterwards acts are relevant only to sentencing and not to the constitution of a criminal offense.This discrepancy highlights that properly addressing the relationship between afterwards acts and the constitution of a criminal offense constitutes a crucial breakthrough for the development of an independent Chinese criminal law system.While traditional criminal law theories, both domestic and foreign, define the boundaries of criminal offenses primarily on the basis of harmful conduct, China's criminal legislation and judicial practice indicate that afterwards acts—reflecting whether the actor remains loyal to legal norms—also constitute a key element in determining the constitution of a criminal offense.Where the actor's afterwards acts clearly demonstrate alignment with legal norms, there is no need to treat the prior harmful act as a criminal offense.
   

Key words: Afterwards Acts, Constitution of Criminal Offense, Loyalty to Legal Norms, Willful Direction