摘要： 国际社会意识到，为了给予私人应有的法律保护，应该存在一种对国际金融机构的公众问责机制。在国际法律框架内，当私人利益受到国际金融机构侵害时，可以通过两种途径向机构问责：一是向国际金融机构内部的部门投诉，二是向所在国法院起诉。但实践中，这两种途径都没有为私人提供真正的法律救济。也就是说，目前的问责制尚不足以使国际金融机构为其违法行为负责。这种状况不符合国际法对国际金融机构的基本要求，也阻碍了私人受害方享受法律赋予的基本权利。在国际金融机构内部设立争端解决机构非常困难，适当扩大国内法院的管辖权，限制对“职能必要”过于宽泛的解释，应是一个可行的路径选择。

关键词: 国际金融机构, 公众问责, 管辖豁免, 职能必要

Abstract: With the concerns of the private rights in international law, the international community has realized  that in order to provide due legal protection to individuals, there should be public accountability mechanisms for international financial institutions. In the current framework of international law, when the private interest is violated by the international financial institutions, individuals can claim accountability of institutions  through two ways: one is complaining to the review panel in the institutions, another is bringing suits against institutions in national courts. But in practice, these two methods provide no real judicial relief for individuals who cannot receive adequate legal remedy. It means that the international financial institutions do  not need to be accountable for their illegal actions. This situation not only runs counter to the basic requirements of international law for international financial institutions，but also hinders private parties from enjoying their basic legal rights. So this problem has to be resolved to meet the development of international law. Combined with the current development in practice, it is difficult to establish a dispute settlement body  in the intPrnational financial institntions A vinhle path is to restrict internretntions of“functional nenessity”and exercise jurisdictions by national courts.

Key words: International Financial Institution, Public Accountability, Immunity from Jurisdiction, Functional Necessity