摘要： “违法性认识是否阻却刑事责任”这一争议问题的症结是“公益”与“私权”的博弈。这里的“公益”是“群体性的安全利益”，而“私权”则是指“不知法律不受刑罚处罚的权利”。考虑到当前人们对“被告是否具有违法性认识”的确证能力有限这一事实，根据平衡公益与私权的“最大程度保障私权”原则，违法性认识问题的解决方案应当是以“向群体性安全利益倾斜”为平衡模态的折衷方案。而具体的折衷方式应以“违法性认识欠缺是否可能避免”为关键点，将被告人的违法性认识欠缺区分为应阻却刑事责任的违法性认识欠缺和不应阻却刑事责任的违法性认识欠缺。

关键词: 公益, 私权, 平衡模态

Abstract: The sticking point of the argument on criminal illegality cognition question is the game between“PublicInterest” and “Private Right”．Specifically，the related“Public Interest” here is group’s security interest；the“Private right” is individual’s right of“no punishment if one did not know the rule”．Concerningthe limited capability to authenticate whether defendant knew the rule，and according to the“maximizingprivate right” principle on balancing“Public Interest” and“Private Right”，the resolution of criminal illegality cognition question should be a trade-off decision the basis of an equilibrium state placing emphasis onthe community security interests. Its specific formulation is plausibly to select “whether the unknown to ruleis avoidable” as key point，and divide“unknown to rule” to punishable and unpunishable.

Key words:  Public Interest, Private Right, Equilibrium State