摘要: 对重复供述,目前存在三种应对模式:直接适用非法证据排除规则模式、“毒树之果”模式和证据使用禁止的放射效力模式。但是,现有模式在处理重复供述问题上操作性和兼容性均有不足,因而有必要提倡一种以先前非法讯问对随后供述的任意性是否继续产生影响的判断为核心的继续效力排除模式。关于继续效力是否存在,应当综合案件情况加以具体判断,权衡被告人被讯问时的每一个因素,尤其是审酌先前非法讯问方法对随后重复供述的“污染之稀释”程度。同时,继续效力排除模式在证明责任及证明标准方面也有特殊要求。此外,继续效力的排除模式超越了强制性排除与裁量性排除的框架,适用于所有言词证据,但不适用于实物证据。
关键词:
非法证据排除规则,
重复供述,
继续效力“毒树之果”,
证据使用禁止规则
Abstract: There are three models dealing with repeated confessions: direct application of exclusionary rule, doctrine of fruits of the poisonous tree and radioactive effect of Beweisversertungsverbote. However, all of these models still lack practicality and compatibility nowadays. When considering the contining effect, it is recommended to review all the facts and factors related to the interrogation, especially the pollution or dilution of the illegal measures to the repeated confession. Meanwhile, the burden and Standard of proof and its Standard are also unique. Besides, its scope should be limited: such a model goes beyond the frame of mandatory and discretionary exclusion; it is applicable only to testimonial evidence, not real evidence.
Key words:
Exclusionary Rule,
Repeated Confession,
Continuing Effect,
Fruits of the Poisonous Tree,
Beweisversertungsverbote
吉冠浩. 论非法证据排除规则的继续效力
——以重复供述为切入的分析[J]. 法学家, 2015(2): 61-74.
JI Guan-Hao. On the Continuing Effect of Exclusionary Rule of Illegal-obtained Evidence: Based on the Analysis of Repeated Confessions[J]. , 2015(2): 61-74.