摘要： 《民法总则》明确规定了监护制度的基本框架及主要内容，将儿童最大利益原则以及儿童自主权原则作为未成年人监护的基本理念，并贯穿在未成年人监护制度的具体规定中，新理念与新规定发展和充实了我国未成年人监护制度。在民法典婚姻家庭编立法中应当坚持儿童最大利益原则，分别单列父母子女关系章及监护章，明确规定“父母责任”，进一步区分监护、亲权、抚养三个法律术语的不同内涵。在父母子女关系章中应更好地明晰父母子女之间的权利义务关系，凸显父母作为未成年子女首要责任人的作用，传承我国优秀家庭文化传统，弘扬社会主义婚姻家庭核心价值观。在监护章中要进一步完善与细化监护制度，明确规定监护监督制度，强化国家监护的兜底责任，最大限度地优先保护未成年人的权利。通过完善未成年人监护立法体例，体现民法典逻辑体系和价值理念的和谐统一，使民法典对未成年人的保护形成有机结合、有序互补、协调一致的体系化格局。

关键词: 监护, 亲权, 父母责任, 儿童最大利益原则  

Abstract: The General Principles of Civil Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates clearly the basic framework and main contents of the guardianship system. The principle of the best interests of children and the principle of the autonomy of children are regarded as the basic principles of guardianship of juveniles and are embodied in the specific provisions of the guardianship system for juveniles which have enriched the system of guardianship of juveniles in China. The marriage and family legislation should adhere to the principle of the best interests of children, list parent—child relationship chapter and guardianship chapter separately, define“parental responsibility”clearly and further distinguish the three legal terms“guardianship, parental powers, and parental custody”.  In the chapter of parent—child relationship, the rights and obligations between parents and children should be better clarified and the role of parents as the primary responsibility of the juveniles should be highlighted in order to inherit the excellent family culture tradition and carry forward the socialist core values of the marriage and family. The guardianship chapter should focus on improving and refining the guardianship system;  clearly stipulate the supervision system;  strengthen the national guardianship responsibility in order to give the maximum priority to protect the juveniles' rights. The improvement of the legislation system of juveniles' guardianship embodies the harmony and unity of the logical system and the value system of the Civil Code, so that the Civil Code can form the organic combination, the orderly complementary and coordinated juveniles protection system.

Key words: Guardianship, Parental Powers, Parental Responsibility, Legislation, the Best Interests of Children