摘要： 以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能不具备民事主体资格,生成式人工智能造成他人损害的,服务提供者应当承担侵权责任。服务提供者兼具内容生产者与平台管理者的双重身份,负有审核等安保义务。其违反安保义务,原则上应当承担具有间接侵权责任属性的相应的补充责任,可以行使追偿权。但在“知道或者应当知道”的情况下,服务提供者应当承担连带责任,乃至惩罚性赔偿。属于来源非法非法生成的、输入信息非法非法生成的且服务使用者传播侵权内容造成第三人损害的,服务提供者因违反双重审核义务,应禁止追偿。同时,应类型化设置“避风港规则”适用的责任豁免规则、形塑选择性适用著作权合理使用规则的阻却违法事由认定机制及构筑有限适用个人信息合理使用规则的责任豁免制度,系统化构建服务提供者间接侵权责任的限制规则。

关键词: 生成式人工智能服务提供者, 主体资格, 侵权, 责任承担, 责任限制

Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT does not have the qualification of the persons of the civil law, the service provider should bear the tort liability if the generative artificial intelligence causes damage to others.The service provider with the dual identity of content producer and platform manager has the duty of maintaining safety, such as auditing.If the service provider violates the duty of maintaining safety, the corresponding supplementary liability with the attribute of indirect tort liability should be borne in principle and the service provider can claim right of indemnification.However, the service provider should bear joint responsibility and even punitive damages under the circumstance of “knows or should have known”.If infringing contents derive from illegal resources, are generated illegally or inputting information illegally, and are generated illegally with the service user propagating them to cause damages to the third party, the service provider will be prohibited from claiming indemnification due to the violation of the dual auditing obligation.Meanwhile, the liability exemption rules for the application of the “safe harbor rules” should be established in a typological manner, the determining mechanism of grounds for elimination of illegality for the selective application of the rule of fair use of copyright should be shaped and the liability exemption system for the limited application of the rule of fair use of personal information should be constructed in order to systematically establish the limitation rules of the liability for indirect infringement of the service provider.

Key words: Generative Artificial Intelligence Service Provider, Qualification of Subject, Tort, Obligation Assumption, Obligation Limitation