摘要： 修订后的《行政复议法》将变更决定的适用模式调整为限定适用。限定适用是对混同适用的修正,旨在强化变更决定在特定情形下的适用。在行政复议“化解行政争议主渠道”的定位下,限定适用包含了确定适用与有限适用双重面向。限定适用的三种情形中,“内容不适当”应当限于法定裁量范围内实体内容效果裁量的瑕疵,并且排除滥用职权;“未正确适用依据”应当明确与“没有依据”和“适用的依据不合法”之间的界限;“事实不清、证据不足,经行政复议机关查清事实和证据”应当综合考虑案件事实的特点由复议机关裁量适用。变更决定限定适用的实现需要确立多项保障措施,通过规定禁止不利变更、听取意见程序保障申请人权益,使其愿意接受变更决定;通过设置作为咨询机构的行政复议委员会,强化复议机关的机构能力,促其主动作出变更决定。

关键词: 行政复议, 化解行政争议, 变更决定, 限定适用

Abstract: The revised Administrative Reconsideration Law adjusts the mode of the alteration decision to a definitive application in limited circumstances.Definitive application in limited circumstances is a modification of mixed application, aiming to strengthen the application of the alteration decision in specific circumstances.Under the positioning of administrative reconsideration as “the main channel for resolving administrative disputes”, definitive application in limited circumstances contains the dual orientations of definitive application and limited application.Of the three limited circumstances in which definitive application is made,“inappropriate content” should be limited to defects in the substantive content effect discretion within the scope of statutory discretion and exclude abuse of power;“incorrect application basis” should be clearly distinguished from “lack of basis” and “illegal application basis”;“unclear facts, insufficient evidence, facts and evidence are clarified by the administrative reconsideration organ” shall be applied at the discretion of the reconsideration organ, taking into account the characteristics of case facts.Achieving definitive application in limited circumstances of the alteration decision requires the establishment of safeguards to protect the interests of the applicant through the prohibition of adverse alterations and a hearing procedure to make applicant willing to accept the variation decision.Strengthening the institutional capacity of the reconsideration organ should be achieved through the establishment of the Administrative Reconsideration Board as a consultative organ, so as to encourage it to proactively make alteration decisions.

Key words: Administrative Reconsideration, Resolve Administrative Disputes, Alteration Decision, Definitive Application in Limited Circumstances