摘要： 请求权研究有助于构想以行政法律关系为轴心的行政法学体系,也是构建行政诉讼的请求权审查模式的前提。为此,有必要厘清请求权的概念内涵与体系构成。行政法上的请求权是公权利的内在权能,是行政法律关系中最重要的权利主张形态,可以更明确地展现“谁得向谁,依据何种法律规范,主张何种权利”,同法律关系分析天然契合。请求权不能实现时,就产生了需要通过行政诉讼解决的纠纷。行政诉权服务于请求权的实现,同请求权相互分离。行政法上的请求权体系由居于核心地位的实体请求权与居于补充地位的程序请求权构成,前者可依据权利中的意志要素,进一步区分为消极地位受国家侵害而产生的防御请求权、消极地位受非国家侵害产生的保护请求权与基于积极地位的受益请求权;后者可根据所指向内容,进一步分为辅助实体请求权实现的程序参与请求权与作为实体请求权兜底的无瑕疵裁量请求权。未来可以依据该请求权体系进一步细化各类请求权的构成要件,反哺行政诉讼尤其是给付之诉的审理实务。

关键词: 请求权, 公权利, 行政法律关系, 实体请求权, 程序请求权

Abstract: The study of claim facilitates the conceptualization of the administrative law system, which is centered on administrative legal relations.Furthermore, it serves as a prerequisite for the development of the review model of claims in administrative litigation.To this end, it is necessary to clarify the connotation and system of the claim.The claim in administrative law is defined as the inherent power of public right, representing the most significant form of right in administrative legal relations.It can more clearly show “who can according to which legal norms, to whom, claim what”.This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the administrative legal relationship.The system of claims in administrative law is comprised of two distinct categories: the substantive claim, which occupies a central position, and the procedural claim, which is in the supplementary position.The substantive claim can be further distinguished into three distinct categories on the basis of the volitional element of the right.The defensive claims arising from a negative position infringed by the State; the protective claims arising from a negative position infringed by a non-State, and the beneficial claims based on a positive position.The procedural claim can be further subdivided into procedural participation claims and flawless discretion claims, the former supports the realization of substantive claims, and the latter serves as a foundation for substantive claims.In the future, the system of claims can be used to further refine the constituent elements of each type of claim, which will feed the practice of administrative litigation, especially the litigation of performance.

Key words: Claim, Public Right, Administrative Legal Relations, Substantive Claim, Procedural Claim