摘要： 未届出资期限的股权转让中,出资义务随股权转让而当然转移给受让人。基于资本充实和出资义务的组织法强制性,转让人不因股权转让而免除责任,这比股权转让需公司同意的规则更为合理。基于风险控制理由,转让人承担责任具有正当性且有较大的制度收益,该理由也决定了转让人承担补充责任而非连带责任,这有助于协调资本充实和股权转让自由。转让人恶意和公司债权人的信赖并非转让人承担补充责任的基础,具体适用中无须考虑这些因素。转让人的补充责任意味着转让人享有先执行抗辩权,该抗辩权的具体适用问题可参照关于一般保证人享有抗辩权的规则予以解决;转让人也享有追偿权。股权多次转让中,同样基于风险控制理由,所有前手从后到前依次承担补充责任。

关键词: 股权转让, 未届出资期限, 补充责任, 风险控制, 资本充实

Abstract: In the transfer of shares with uncalled capital contributions, the obligation to contribute capital transfers automatically to the transferee with the shares.Given capital maintenance and the mandatory nature of organizational law regarding capital contribution obligations, the transferor is not absolved of liability by transferring the shares, which is the approach more justified than requiring company consent for share transfers.The rationale of risk control establishes the legitimacy and institutional benefits of imposing liability on transferors.This rationale also dictates that such liability should be supplementary rather than joint and several.This framework reconciles capital maintenance with freedom of share transfer.Neither the transferor's bad faith nor the reliance of company creditors constitutes the basis for supplementary liability.These factors are immaterial in application.The transferor's supplementary liability implies that the transferor enjoys a defense of prior execution against the transferee, the specific issues of which may be resolved by reference to the rules governing the defenses available to a general guarantor.The transferor also has the right of recourse.In cases of multiple successive transfers, all prior transferors bear supplementary liability in reverse chronological order based on the same rationale of risk control.
   

Key words: Share Transfer, Uncalled Capital Contribution, Supplementary Liability, Risk Control, Capital Maintenance