摘要： 当前,自动化行政中相对人程序性权利应当采取何种保护范式,亟待理论解释和重构。现有学说主要有“嵌入式保护论”“无差别保护论”“阶段性保护论”。“嵌入式保护论”存在行政正当程序弱化、新型权利虚化的问题,其原因在于技术治理手段对程序性权利的侵蚀以及程序性权利的技术依赖。“无差别保护论”的初衷在于对程序性权利的实质坚守和程序一致性的形式遵循,但存在明显的技术适配困境和法律规范不适应性问题。“阶段性保护论”试图通过局部优化实现权利保护,但面临着程序性权利碎片化和技术逻辑取代法治逻辑的问题。鉴于此,有必要选择和确立兼具“三维立体”和“三阶递进”的“全过程保护论”。相较于现有学说,“全过程保护论”有其独特价值和比较优势。未来可以从健全立法倾斜性保护机制、重构侧重于程序性权利保护的执法制度和强化行政诉讼救济力度等维度,实现程序性权利的体系化保护。

关键词: 自动化行政, 程序性权利, 权利保护, 程序法治

Abstract: Currently, there is an urgent need for theoretical interpretation and reconstruction of the protection paradigm for procedural rights of counterparties in automated administration.The existing theories mainly include “embedded protection theory”,“indiscriminate protection theory”, and “phased protection theory”.The embedded protection theory has the problems of weakening administrative due process and virtualization of new rights, which are due to the erosion of procedural rights by technological governance measures and the technological dependence of procedural rights.The original intention of the “indiscriminate protection theory” is to adhere to the essence of procedural rights and follow the form of procedural consistency, but leads to obvious technical adaptation difficulties and legal norm incompatibility issues.The “phased protection theory” attempts to achieve rights protection through local optimization, but faces the problems of fragmented procedural rights and the replacement of legal logic with technological logic.In view of this, it is necessary to choose and establish a “whole process protection theory” that combines “three-dimensional” and “third-order progression”.Compared to existing theories, the “whole process protection theory” has its unique value and comparative advantages.In the future, systematic protection of procedural rights can be achieved through the establishment of a sound preferential protection mechanism through legislation, the reconstruction of law enforcement systems that focus on procedural rights protection, and the strengthening of administrative litigation remedies.

Key words: Automated Administration, Procedural Rights, Rights Protection, Procedural Rule of Law