摘要： 农地三权分置改革政策的核心是，设置从土地承包经营权中分离出来的土地经营权，如此制定政策的初衷和动因需要进行全面的廓清。土地经营权所负载的目标功能大致可以概括为稳定土地承包经营权流转中受让人的经营预期，满足其为扩大生产经营而进行抵押融资的需求，同时保障原土地承包经营权人对土地承包经营权的保有权、控制权和收益权三重目的。以土地经营权为出发点和落脚点的农地三权分置改革方案需要通过三重门：一是价值取向之门；二是体系化之门；三是实践之门。仔细检验发现，如此制度设计无法顺利通过上述三重门。面对农地三权分置已经成为既定改革方向和政策方案的现实，理论界需要秉持务实态度，在遵循法理和逻辑的前提下创新理论、更新话语、革新规则，借民法典编纂之机整合现行土地承包经营权制度，完善农村家庭承包经营体制，为农业现代化奠定制度基础，提供法制保障。

关键词: 三权分置, 土地经营权, 土地承包经营权, 土地承包权

Abstract: The core of the reform  policy of“Three-Right Separation”of rural land is to set up management right of rural land separated from contractual management right of rural land, so the original intention and motivation of the reform policy need to be comprehensively clarified.The functions of management right of rural land in general can be summed up as keeping stable expectation, circulation of land contract and management rights freely, and meeting the demand for mortgage financing to expand its production; meanwhile, protecting the original holder of contractual management right of rural land still to retain, control and gain.Taking the management right of rural land as the reform goal, “Three-Right Separation”of rural land should pass through the three check：the first is the value orientation check; the second is the systematization check; the third is the practice check.It is found that this system design can not successfully go through the three check.Theorists need to uphold the pragmatic attitude and innovative theory, and improve the rural land contract management rules.

Key words: Three-Right Separation, Management Right of Rural Land, Contractual Management Right of Rural Land, Contractual Right of Land