摘要： “三权分置”的政策目标不是否定土地承包经营权这项法定权利，而是基于“三权”的区分，明晰不同农村土地制度的功能划分。将农村土地所有权限定在集体内并限制转让，旨在防止土地非农化、非粮化及过度集中，也为基层组织提供了有效运行的治理保障，还能稳妥实现国家与社会的经济发展需求。集体所有权以保护客体而非赋予主体自由意志、以固定主体而非流转客体为制度目标，宪法和民法规定的集体土地所有权均为能对抗国家公权力的物权归属形式。集体土地所有权在宪法上表现为一种制度保障性的所有权，在民法上仍可借鉴传统所有权权能理论，来构建占有、使用、收益和特定条件下的处分权能。

关键词: “三权分置”, 集体土地所有权, 集体所有权, 集体经济组织, 集体土地所有权权能

Abstract: The“Three-Right Separation”policy is designed to clarify the functional division between the different rural land systems, rather than to deny the“contracting right of land management”.In order to prevent the rural land non-agriculture, non-food and excessive concentration, binding the rural land ownership within the collective and restriction on transfer could provide effective means of governance for grassroots organizations, realizing the economic development of the state and society.The system of collective ownership is aimed to protect the object rather than to the subject's free will.The collective land proprietary right both in the constitution law and civil law is a form of ownership against the state power.The collective land proprietary right in constitution law is a right with institutional guarantee.The powers of collective land proprietary right in civil law include possession, use, usufruct and disposition in a given context by reference to the theory of traditional ownership power.

Key words: “Three-Right Separation”, Collective Land Proprietary Right, Collective Ownership, Collective Economic Organization, Powers of Collective Land Proprietary Right