摘要： 单设行政刑法无助于避免行政犯的无序扩张,与其在单行刑法或在非刑事法律规范中明确行政犯的处罚范围,不如对我国刑法中空白罪状涉及的实行行为和犯罪对象进行限制解释更能缓解当下行政犯处罚依据不清的燃眉之急。以宪法或合宪性解释明确空白罪状内容、划定处罚边界的效果有限,以前置性规范的法律位阶限定刑事违法性欠缺合理性且与我国的刑事立法规定、司法运行逻辑存在一定冲突。对空白罪状的填充应当重视刑法自身的裁判规范属性,从法益轮廓更为清晰的自然犯中提取标准,明确行政犯的处罚核心和处罚半径,校验行为引发生命、健康、财产法益侵害的可能性及其侵害强度。我国刑法未来的“再法典化”有必要继续维持自然犯与行政犯并存于一部法典之中的统一立法模式,删除冗余的空白罪状,尽量避免“行为犯”“秩序罚”的设计;提倡刑事违法的独立、实质判断能够督促司法人员在法律文书中结合个案事实释法说理,司法机关也应加强“无罪类”指导案例的公开并理性看待差异化判决的实践价值。

关键词: 统一立法例, 空白罪状, 行政犯, 裁判规范, 法益补足

Abstract: The establishment of a separate administrative criminal law is impotent to avoid the disorderly expansion of administrative crime.Instead of clarifying the scope of punishment for administrative crime in a separate criminal law or non-criminal legal norms, it is better to make a restricted interpretation for the performing act and crime object involved in blank provisions of China's criminal law, which can relieve the urgent need because of the unclear basis of punishment about administrative crime.Clarifying the content of blank provisions through constitution or constitutional interpretation has limited effectiveness in defining the boundaries of punishment, while limiting criminal illegality through the legal hierarchy of preceding norms lacks rationality and conflicts with the criminal legislation and judicial operation's logic of China.The filling of blank provisions should pay attention to the criminal-law's attribute as judging norms, clarify the core and radius of punishment from natural crime that has clearer legal interests, and verify the possibility and intensity of infringement on life or health legal interests and property legal interests caused by behavior.It is necessary to maintain the unified legislative model of natural crime and administrative crime co-existing in one code for the “re-codification” of China's criminal law in future, delete redundant blank provisions, and try to avoid the design of “behavioral offenses” and “order penalties”.Advocating independent and substantive judgments on criminal illegality can urge judicial personnel to interpret the reason based on individual case's facts in legal documents.Judicial organ should also strengthen the disclosure of “innocent” guiding cases and view the practical value of differentiated judgments rationally.

Key words: Unified Legislative Model, Blank Provisions, Administrative Crime, Adjudication Norms, Complement of Legal Interests