摘要： 诈骗罪中的认识错误要件除了具有确认欺骗行为与被害人处分财产行为之间因果关系的作用之外,还具有限定诈骗罪成立范围的功能。认识错误不是单纯的不知事实,而是指有能力进行正确认识的人,因为受到了他人欺骗而产生的指向财产转移(进而财产损害)的主观认识与客观事实的不一致。财产处分人在存在怀疑时仍能肯定认识错误,对于诈称事项的漠不关心并不构成相应例外。在财产处分人与财产损害承担者存在认识分歧时,重要的是财产处分人本人是否产生了认识错误,在辅助人因特殊的知识背景等被赋予了为被害人提供专业支持的义务之场合,辅助人的专业认知应当归属给被害人。诈骗罪中足以导致处分意思无效的认识错误不是单纯处分动机上的错误,也不绝对限定于与诈骗罪保护法益有关的错误,而是表明财产处分人丧失了自由意志而进行财产处分的错误。至于是否丧失自由意志,应该进行客观判断。

关键词: 认识错误, 认识分歧, 动机错误, 法益关系错误, 自由意思丧失

Abstract: The element of error of cognition in the crime of fraud not only confirms the causal relationship between deceptive acts and the victim's property disposition but also serves to limit the scope of establishment of the crime.Error of cognition is not merely ignorance of facts; rather, it refers to a discrepancy between subjective perception and objective reality, arising from deception by others and directed toward property transfer (and thus property damage), occurring in individuals capable of proper cognition.Even when the property disposer harbors doubts, an error of cognition can still be affirmed.Indifference to fraudulent claims does not constitute an exception.When there is a divergence in cognition between the property disposer and the bearer of property damage, the critical issue is whether the disposer themselves developed an error of cognition.In cases where an assistant, due to specialized knowledge or obligations to provide professional support to the victim, possesses expertise, such professional cognition should be attributed to the victim.The error of cognition sufficient to invalidate the intent to dispose in the crime of fraud is neither a mere error in motive nor strictly limited to errors related to the legal interests protected by the crime.Instead, it signifies that the property disposer has lost free will in making the disposition.Whether free will is lost should be determined through objective judgment.

Key words: Error of Cognition, Divergence in Cognition, Error of Motive, Error Related to Legal Interests, Loss of Free Will