摘要： 就国内法院如何解释国际条约,理论上存在诸多争议,实践上有不同做法。最高人民法院于2015年和2020年分别出台两份司法文件,专门规定了条约解释规则。前者要求法院严格依照《维也纳条约法公约》的规定解释条约,后者未提及该公约。在现有的条约国内适用制度下,国内法院缺乏明确法律依据直接适用《维也纳条约法公约》及其解释规则。为增强我国条约解释规则在形式上的一致性和实质内容上的合理性,可将具有习惯国际法性质的《维也纳条约法公约》第31条和第32条转化为国内法上的规则,构建一套结构化的国内法院条约解释规则体系,实现平等保护当事人权益、增强裁判国际公信力、营造良好营商环境的初衷。

关键词: 国际条约解释, 《维也纳条约法公约》, 国内法院, 解释规则, 法理依据

Abstract: There are numerous theoretical disputes and diverse practical approaches regarding how domestic courts interpret international treaties.The Supreme People's Court issued two judicial documents in 2015 and 2020 respectively, specifically regulating treaty interpretation rules.The former required courts to strictly interpret treaties in accordance with the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, whereas the latter made no mention of the Convention.Under the current domestic application system for treaties, domestic courts lack explicit legal basis to directly apply the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and its interpretation rules.To enhance the formal consistency and substantive rationality of China's treaty interpretation rules, the Court may transform Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties—rules with the nature of customary international law—into domestic legal rules, thereby constructing a structured system of treaty interpretation rules for domestic courts.This will fulfill the original purpose of equally protecting the rights and interests of the parties, enhancing the international credibility of judicial decisions, and fostering a favorable business environment.

Key words: Interpretation of International Treaties, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Domestic Courts, Interpretation Rules, Legal Rationale