摘要： “有效性”乃制度的核心竞争力。“当面锣,对面鼓”地解决问题,是提升行政复议“有效性”的基本条件,是实质性化解行政争议的内在需要。在此意义上,推进复议听证实质化是强化行政复议实质化解行政争议能力、发挥行政复议化解行政争议主渠道作用的基本前提。在法哲学层面上,过程的在场性、作用的此在性、案卷的排他性构成了复议听证实质化的核心要素。其中,过程的在场性意味着复议审理者和涉案当事人应当亲历听证全过程,既不可缺席听证过程,亦不可进行单方接触;作用的此在性意味着案件事实认定、证据采信、理由生成乃至争点解决等均须在听证过程中完成;案卷的排他性意味着行政复议决定当且仅当根据听证笔录所载明的事实和证据作出,非经听证的事实不能作为复议决定之依据。

关键词: 行政复议, 听证实质化, 过程的在场性, 作用的此在性, 案卷的排他性

Abstract: “Effectiveness” constitutes the core competitiveness of institutional design.Resolving disputes through direct confrontation is fundamental to enhancing the effectiveness of administrative reconsideration and intrinsically necessary for the substantive resolution of administrative disputes.In this regard, substantializing reconsideration hearings is key to enhancing administrative reconsideration's substantive dispute resolution capacity and establishing it as the primary dispute resolution mechanism.From the perspective of jurisprudence, the substantialization of reconsideration hearings is underpinned by three core elements: the Anwesenheit (procedural presence) of the process, the Dasein (functional immediacy) of the procedure, and the exclusivity of records.Anwesenheit means that reconsideration adjudicators and involved parties participate personally in the entire hearing process, prohibiting both absence and ex parte communications; Dasein requires that fact-finding, evidence evaluation, reasoning and issue resolution occur during the hearing process; the exclusivity of case records means that administrative reconsideration decisions be based solely on hearing-recorded facts and evidence, while un-presented facts cannot be used.

Key words: Administrative Reconsideration, Substantialization of Hearings, Anwesenheit of Procedure, Dasein of Function, Exclusivity of Case Records