摘要： 现代环境法经历着从危机应对法向公产管护法的历史变迁。《生态环境法典》贯彻自然公产理念,这在范围对象、自然考量、价值目标、制度构建、体制机制等方面作出突破性规定,已成为实质上的公产管护法,是最具根本性的重大创新。但由于我国主流法学理论并未认可公产,相关规定存在法律依据缺失、法理基础不明、制度机制薄弱等问题,面临多重危机。为此,应正式确立公产理论,从自然公产管护角度理解《生态环境法典》相关规定和制度安排,补强基础法律依据,解决重点领域疑难问题,通过具体制度构建逐步贯彻落实自然公产观,保护好全民共有的自然财富。

关键词: 习近平生态文明思想, 自然物, 公产, 生态环境法典, 自然公产观

Abstract: Modern environmental law is undergoing a historical transformation from a crisis-response mechanism to a legal framework for the stewardship of public property.The Ecological and Environmental Code, guided by the concept of natural public goods, introduces groundbreaking provisions in terms of its scope and objects, consideration of natural elements, value objectives, institutional design, and systemic mechanisms.It has effectively become a law for the stewardship of public property, marking its most fundamental and significant innovation.However, since mainstream legal theory in China has not yet formally recognized the concept of public goods, relevant provisions face issues such as a lack of legal basis, unclear theoretical foundations, and weak institutional mechanisms, leading to multiple challenges.Therefore, it is necessary to formally establish the theory of public property, interpret the relevant provisions and institutional arrangements of the Code from the perspective of natural public property stewardship, strengthen its legal foundation, address difficult issues in key areas, and gradually implement the concept of natural public goods through specific institutional designs, thereby safeguarding the natural wealth collectively owned by the people.

Key words: Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, Natural Objects, Public Property, Ecological and Environmental Code, The Concept of Natural Public Property