摘要： 我国环境犯罪的立法演进十分迅速,从分散规定迈向集中规定,并不断修改完善。与之同时,环境刑法的立法规定与司法适用相互促进,共同形成了规制污染环境、破坏生态犯罪的严密刑事法网。在《生态环境法典》业已通过的背景下,通过对环境犯罪立法规定和司法适用的梳理可以发现,我国对环境犯罪确立了惩防结合的刑事政策。这一具体刑事政策的确立,契合《生态环境法典》的精神,正是基于环境犯罪当前形势、结构特征的综合考量,力求通过《刑法》这一保障法与生态环境前置法的合力,实现对环境犯罪的标本兼治。具体而言,环境犯罪惩防结合刑事政策的主要着力点集中体现在坚持适度扩充环境犯罪圈、坚持从严惩处环境犯罪、坚持综合裁量区别处理、坚持环境法益的独立地位等四个方面。未来,应当继续坚持贯彻惩防结合的刑事政策,严厉惩处环境犯罪,有效防治污染和其他公害,全面推进美丽中国建设。

关键词: 生态环境法典, 环境犯罪, 具体刑事政策, 惩防结合, 环境法益

Abstract: In recent years, China's legislation on environmental crimes has evolved rapidly, shifting from scattered provisions to centralized norms with continuous refinement.Legislative rules and judicial application of environmental criminal law have reinforced each other, jointly building a tight criminal law net governing crimes of polluting the environment and damaging ecosystems.With the adoption of China's Ecological Environment Code, a systematic review of legislative and judicial practices shows that China has established an integrated criminal policy of punishing and preventing environmental crimes.Consistent with the spirit of the Ecological Environment Code, this policy is formulated based on a comprehensive assessment of the current landscape and structural features of environmental crimes.It aims to achieve both symptomatic and root-cause governance by combining the Criminal Law as a safeguard law with preemptive laws such as the Ecological Environment Code.Specifically, the policy is operationalized through four priorities: appropriately expanding the coverage of environmental crimes, maintaining a strict punishment stance, exercising discretion with differentiated treatment, and upholding the independent status of environmental legal interests.Going forward, China shall continue to implement this integrated policy, impose severe penalties on environmental crimes, effectively prevent pollution and other public hazards, and comprehensively advance the construction of a Beautiful China.

Key words: Ecological Environment Code, Environmental Crime, Specific Criminal Policy, Punishment-prevention Integration, Environmental Legal Interest