摘要： 美国宪法并没有规定公司是基本权利主体，美国联邦最高法院在很多判例中亦认定美国宪法的特权与豁免条款不适用于公司。宪法第14修正案通过后，尤其是自19世纪80年代以来，美国联邦最高法院逐渐将宪法的保护扩大适用于公司，使得公司成为某些宪法基本权利的主体。这一转变迎合了美国经济发展的需要，使得国内统一大市场的建立成为可能。本文借鉴美国的宪法实践，细致梳理了公司作为基本权利主体的相关理论。

关键词: 基本权利, 美国宪法第14修正案, 公民, 公司

Abstract: The corporations are not entitled to be protected by the constitutional fundamental rights according to the U. S. Fed-eral Constitution. The U. S. Supreme Court had held many times that the Privilege and Immunity clause of the FederalConstitution must not apply to the corporations. Since the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, especially since 1880s,the U.S. Supreme Court has gradually extended the constitutional protection to corporations. And now the corporationsare entitled to be armed with the constitutional fundamental rights partially. The change of Supreme Court's position onthe question accommodates it to the development of U.S. economy, and makes it possible to establish a uniform domesticmarket. Mainly based on the U. S. constitutional law, this article discusses the practice and theory on the corporation asan owner of fundamental rights thoroughly.

Key words: Fundamental Rights, Fourteenth Amendment of the U. S. Federal Constitution, Citizen, Corporation