摘要： 在国家与市民社会二元分立的前提下，基本权利的主要功能在于防止国家公权力对个体自由的侵犯，并形成以“防御权”为核心的基本权利体系，对基本权利的解读主要受功利主义的影响，集中体现在经济领域的社会自治。但随着自由经济问题的凸显，市民社会的理想结构也呈现出了内在困境，基本权利的功能也不能仅以保障个体自由加以涵盖。社会领域日益分化，市民社会分化为利益和功能各不相同的社会子系统，基本权利需要在社会不同层面的自由之间实现“价值权衡”。基本权利实现了由对抗国家向社会整合的转变，甚至在某种程度上反而扩充了国家权力，如果仍以传统目光审视今日基本权利之功能，则不免使基本权利的保护难以适应社会的变迁。国家与社会的融合趋势明显，其背后是社会系统的功能分化，由此构成不同社会功能系统之间既分化、又耦合的关系，今天的基本权利的教义学体系恰是对这种社会变迁的回应。

关键词: 基本权利, 社会功能, 法教义学, 结构耦合, 市民社会

Abstract: Under the background of the dualistic of state and civil society，the main function of the constitutionalrights focused on the prevention from intrusion of the national public power. The interpretation of the constitu-tional  rights  was  mainly  influenced  by  the  utilitarianism，which  appears  as  the  economicliberalism. However, the ideal type of the civil society fell into the internal difficulties with the growing prob-lems caused by the economic liberalism. The function of the constitutional rights has correspondingly changedfrom the negative “defensive right（Abwehrrechte）”to the judgment between the different values and free-dom in a differentiated society. Today，the value judgments frequently happened in the cases related to theconstitutional rights. However, where the values come from is debated. The answer to this question is associ-ated with the relationship between the legal system and other social subsystems. The constitutional rights arenot only required to remain the legal system operation closed，but also need flexibility to adapt to the chan-ging environment. On this background，the fundamental rights are considered the form of“structural cou-pling” and its function is to maintain the differentiation of the society.

Key words: Constitutional Rights, Social Function, Structural Coupling, Rechtsdogmatik, Civil Society