摘要： 法治中国的本质，是经过理性选择和契约规定而形成的治理，是以规则为基础的理性规制。在这样的法治背景下，依然包含着基于德性的身份。法治需要理性规制意义上的契约，更需要建设基于德性认同意义上的“契约式身份”，而不能仅仅按照“从身份到契约”的既有路径以契约取代身份。“契约式身份”可以为法治提供区分、名分和本分，它们与通过契约建立的“绝对—真实身份”和“相对—虚假身份”有关，也与德性有关。

关键词: 法治, 德性, 契约, 身份, 契约式身份

Abstract: The essence of“rule of law in China”is the governance based on rational choice and contractual provisions，meanwhile the rational regulation is rooted in rules. Although in this context of the rule of law, it still contains“status”based on “virtues”.In the sense of“rational regulation”, the rule of law needs contracts, but it needs more“contractual status”in the sense of“virtue identity”We can not replace status by contract only relying on the old path of“from status to contract”Connecting with the mode of“absolutetrue status”“relativefalse status”built by contract and virtues, “contractual status”can provide distinguishment, birthright and duty for the rule of law.

Key words: Rule of Law, Virtues, Contract, Status, Contractual Status