摘要：

程序法上要件包括程序要件和实体要件，作为程序启动条件的实体要件，存在“二阶审查”结构。程序法上评价性要件要求法官必须进行一定的判断，而程序事实性要件的证明与对实体事实要件的证明存在诸多不同，导致所谓的“真伪不明”空间被极大压缩。程序法与实体法规范构造存在根本不同，如适用条件不明，程序上可直接不适用法律。程序法适用只关乎程序步骤如何进行，而不存在如何分配不利风险的问题。将证明责任运用于程序法的适用属于理论的不当迁移，证明责任理论适用范围的扩展以模糊其概念内涵与制度本质为代价。

关键词: 证明责任, 程序法要件, 程序法规范, 真伪不明, 法律适用

Abstract: The elements of procedural law include procedural elements and substantive elements.The substantive elements of the initiation of the procedure have a“second-level review”structure.The evaluative elements of procedural law require judges to make certain judgments，and the proof of procedural factual elements is different from the proof of substantive fact elements，resulting in the so-called“Non Liquet”space being greatly compressed.The normative structure of procedural law and substantive law is fundamentally different.If the applicable conditions are unclear，the law may not be applied directly in the procedure.The application of the procedural law only concerns how the procedural steps are carried out，and there is no question of how to allocate unfavorable risks.Applying the burden of proof to the application of procedural law is an improper transfer of theory，and the the scope of application of the theory of burden of proof expands at the cost of blurring its conceptual connotation and system essence.In Germany，the extension of the theory of burden of proof to the application of procedural law has its specific theoretical context and cultural background.In China，it is not necessary to generalize the burden of proof to the application of procedural law.

Key words: Burden of Proof, Essential Elements of Procedural Law, Norms of Procedural Law, Non Liquet, Application of Law