摘要： 要准确解释实在法中的“根据宪法制定本法”规定,需在理论层面先回答立法为何应当根据宪法。可能的理由之一是,宪法是指向普通法律的最高法,是给予其他法律效力的授权立法规范,所以立法应符合宪法授权。理由之二是,宪法是指向人们行动的根本法,是调整人类活动的抽象框架,所以立法应具体化宪法框架。其中第一种理由来自法概念层面,具有一般性,无须另行证明;第二种理由出自框架宪法观念,它具有争议。反对框架宪法观的理由有二:其一,它不符合民主价值。法律宪法在民主政治中的意义是保护特定价值、约束日常政治,而非提供全面蓝图、主导日常政治;其二,它无法说明宪法的根本法性质,其“指向行动”和“内容抽象”两个特点均与宪法根本性无关。宪法的最高性和根本性不是两种无关的性质,而是共同来自“宪法作为法效力判准”这一本质。立法因此也不存在两种不同的宪法根据,“根据宪法制定本法”只是要求立法应符合宪法授权,而无须具体化宪法。

关键词: 最高法, 根本法, 授权, 具体化, 民主

Abstract: To accurately interpret the ‘enactment of this law in accordance with the Constitution’ provision in positive law, it is necessary to first answer, at the theoretical level, why legislation should be based on the Constitution.One of the possible reasons is that the Constitution is the supreme law that refers to ordinary laws and is an enabling legislative norm that gives effect to other laws, so legislation should be in accordance with the constitutional mandate.The second reason is that the constitution is a fundamental law pointing to people's actions and is an abstract framework regulating human activities, so legislation should concretize the constitutional framework.The first of these reasons comes from the level of the concept of law, which is general and does not need to be proved separately; the second reason comes from the framework constitutional concept, which is controversial.There are two reasons against the framework constitutional view: first, it is incompatible with democratic values.The meaning of a legal constitution in democratic politics is to protect specific values and to constrain everyday politics, not to provide a comprehensive blueprint and to dominate everyday politics; second, it cannot account for the fundamental legal nature of the constitution.The Constitution's fundamental nature is not relevant.The supremacy and the fundamental nature of the Constitution are not two unrelated properties, but derive together from the essence of ‘the Constitution as a criterion of legal validity’.There are therefore no two different constitutional bases for legislation, and ‘the enactment of this law in accordance with the Constitution’ only requires that the legislation be in accordance with the constitutional mandate, without the need to concretize the Constitution.

Key words: Supreme Law, Fundamental Law, Authorization, Concretization, Democracy