摘要： 刑事不法理论尽管经历了不同的发展阶段,但它始终坚持了构成要件符合性与违法性分离的判断。由于这种刑事不法理论所提供的各种分离性判断理由并未重视义务正当分配标准的基础地位,导致这些理由无法自圆其说,而且弱化了构成要件保障公民权利的功能。上述局限性与这种刑事不法理论中残留的自然主义哲学理念息息相关。为此,合理的刑事不法理论需要在作为义务能力和归责能力的人格的基础上引入义务分配的视角,并以此确定各种义务的内涵和相互间的关系,以及它们对于犯罪论重构和犯罪审查的意义,从而克服刑事不法理论所面临的根本难题。

关键词: 构成要件, 违法性, 分阶段判断, 自然主义, 义务分配

Abstract: Although the theory of constitutive elements has gone through different stages of its development, it has always insisted on the separation of the strata-determination of constitutive requirements and violation.The reasons provided by this theory for such separation fail to recognize the fundamental importance of a just distribution of obligations.Consequently, these reasons cannot adequately address the gaps in the theory, resulting in a weakened ability of the constituent elements to protect citizens' rights.These limitations are closely tied to the theory's reliance on naturalistic philosophy.In this respect, it is necessary to adopt the perspective of obligation distribution based on the concept of personality as the basis for action-oriented obligations and attribution of imputation.Through this approach, the implications and interrelationships of various obligations can be determined, as well as their significance for the reconstruction of the theory of criminal law and the examination of criminal acts, thereby overcoming the fundamental challenges faced by the theory of constitutive elements.

Key words: Constitutive Requirements, Violation, Judgment of Strata-Determination, Naturalism, Distribution of Obligations