摘要： 《民法典》第395条是关于抵押财产的范围的规定。体系上需区分可抵押的财产与可登记的抵押财产。凡符合物权客体要求且法律、行政法规未禁止抵押的财产,均为可抵押的财产,但并非所有可抵押的财产均有对应的抵押登记机制。权利质权的客体属于可抵押但不可登记的财产。“债务人或者第三人有权处分”这一要求与处分权相关,非抵押情形所独有,体系上与可抵押财产的范围问题无关。《民法典》第395条第1款前6项是可登记抵押财产的具体列举。违法建筑物应属于可抵押但不可登记的抵押财产,其抵押合同应作有效评价。在建建筑物抵押属于不动产抵押,其抵押权客体包括已办理登记部分及其占用范围内的建设用地使用权,登记机构在办理抵押登记时应当实地查看。预售商品房抵押权预告登记具有顺位效力,其不应具有限制处分效力,在满足一定条件时具有优先受偿效力。《民法典》第395条第2款并非关于财团抵押的规定,而是关于共同抵押的任意性规定。

关键词: 抵押权, 抵押财产, 禁止抵押, 在建建筑物, 抵押权预告登记

Abstract: Article 395 of the Civil Code regulates the scope of mortgaged property.The system needs to distinguish between mortgageable property and registrable mortgaged property.Any property that meets the requirements of the object of real right and is not prohibited by laws and administrative regulations is mortgagable property, but not all mortgagable property has a corresponding mortgage registration mechanism.The object of right pledge belongs to the property which can be mortgaged but not registered.The requirement that “the debtor or a third party has the right to dispose” is related to the right to dispose, is not unique to the mortgage situation, and is not systemically related to the scope of the mortgageable property.The first six items of Article 395, paragraph 1, of the Civil Code are specific lists of property that can be registered as mortgage.Illegal buildings can be mortgaged but are not registrable, and the mortgage contract is valid.The mortgage of the building under construction belongs to the mortgage of real estate, the object of the mortgage right includes the registered part and the right to use the construction land within the occupation scope, and the registration authority should check the site when handling the mortgage registration.The pre-sale of commercial housing mortgage notice registration has the effect of the order, it should not have the effect of restricting the disposition, and has the effect of priority compensation when certain conditions are met.Paragraph 2 of this article is not about syndicate mortgages, it's a default rule about joint mortgages.

Key words: Mortgages, Mortgaged Property, Mortgage Prohibition, Buildings under Construction, Advance Mortgage Registration