摘要： 肖像可识别性要件发挥作用的典型场景,主要集中在争议形象“去面部特征”的肖像权纠纷中。随着人工智能生成虚拟形象的广泛应用,肖像可识别性要件越发凸显其重要性。“综合判断法”过度依赖法官自由裁量权,不仅导致法律适用的不确定性,而且忽视了肖像权所要保护的不同法益对可识别性判断标准的差异化要求,难以成为理想的判断路径。肖像权保护的终局性法益包括尊严利益、同一性利益和财产性利益。针对不同法益,肖像可识别性的判断标准亦应有所区分:在保护尊严利益时,应当采取最为宽松的标准,只要肖像权人本人可以识别即可;在保护同一性利益时,应当以一定范围内的熟人可以确信争议形象只能是肖像权人为准;而在保护财产性利益时,则应当采用最为严格的标准,即在隔离对比的情境中,社会公众能够一眼认出争议形象为肖像权人,由此形成肖像可识别性的多元化判断标准体系。

关键词: 肖像权, 人工智能, 可识别性, 类型

Abstract: The requirement of portrait identifiability is crucial in disputes involving images with “removed facial features,” and its significance has increased with the rise of AI-generated virtual avatars.Existing “holistic assessment” approaches rely heavily on judicial discretion, creating uncertainty and overlooking the need for differentiated identifiability standards that correspond to the distinct legal interests protected by portrait rights.These interests include dignity, identity, and commercial value.The standard of identifiability should therefore vary accordingly: for dignity interests, what should apply is the most permissive standard—identifiability exists if the rights holder himself can recognize the image; for identity interests, the test is whether people familiar with the rights holder can confidently conclude that the image refers to that person alone; and for commercial interests, the strictest standard applies, requiring that the general public, under isolated comparison, can immediately recognize the person depicted.This framework supports a more nuanced and coherent approach to portrait identifiability.

Key words: Portrait Rights, Artificial Intelligence, Identifiability, Typology