摘要： 本文以宪法服兵役义务为研究对象，借由“五五宪草”第127条和“五四宪法”第103条所提供的两种立宪思路，深入分析服兵役义务的法理基础，并探讨其对当下的现实意义。服兵役义务彰显了国民与国家之间极端的关系，其将个体权利与国家主权的宪法逻辑推到极致，触及了宪法的生命维度。“五五宪草”与“五四宪法”分别淬于抗日战争与朝鲜战争的烽火，保持着宪法对生命的真切回应与战争动员的真实语境。两部宪法性文件对于服兵役义务的论证分别以“忠孝”与“神圣”为法理依据，形成对立的论证理路。在近代中国与国民的双重生死攸关中，建立起了国民与国家的位格阶梯与公民的人格结构。

关键词: 服兵役义务, 宪法, 忠孝, 神圣, 法理变迁

Abstract: The duty of military service manifests the most extreme relationship between the national and nation，which deduces the constitutional logic of right and power to the utmost，pointing to the constitution in thesubject life aspect. The May Fifth Draft Constitution（1936）and the Constitution of P. R. C.（1954）underwent the baptism of Anti-Japanese War and Korean War respectively，maintaining the distinct response tothe subject life and the context of war mobilization. Furthermore，in the two constitutional documents mentioned above，the jurisprudential argumentations of the duty of military service are based on Loyalty-Filialness or Sacredness in opposite ways. On the matter of life and death，both of the constructional documentsconstruct the person ladder from the individual to the nation as well as the person structure of the citizen.

Key words: The Duty of Military Service, Chinese Modern Constitutions, Loyalty-Filialness, Sacred-ness, Jurisprudential Transition