摘要：

《民法典》第641条允许买卖双方在合同中约定保留所有权，且出卖人保留的所有权未经登记不得对抗善意第三人。从体系上看，所有权保留买卖的条文位于合同编，标的物的所有权保留之实现受制于动产物权变动的基本规则，这体现出一定的形式主义特征。然而，从《民法典》为被保留所有权之效果、出卖人的权利之实现等设置的规则观之，立法者更倾向于从功能主义的角度规范所有权保留买卖，据此，被保留的所有权实为担保物权。出卖人若于交付后10日内办理所有权保留登记，则享有超级优先顺位，其他情况可参照适用《民法典》第414条第1款确定出卖人的权利顺位。买受人在条件成就前即已取得真正的所有权，条件成就后的所有权转移仅仅意味着出卖人的担保物权归于消灭。因此，买受人于条件成就之前即可有效地在标的物上设定权利负担；次买受人在买受人的正常经常活动中，可取得无出卖人权利负担的所有权。

关键词: 所有权保留买卖, 功能主义, 权利顺位, 正常经营活动中的买受人

Abstract:

Article 641 of the Civil Code provides that in the contract of sale the parties may agree on retention of ownership，and that the seller’s ownership without registration is not effective against third parties in good faith.Systematically，the provisions over the retention-of-ownership are located in the third part of the Civil Code(“contracts”)，and the realization of the retention is subject to the basic rules about the transfer of ownership in movables，which embodies a certain formalistic character.However，in view of the rules set by the Civil Code for the effect of the retained ownership and the realization of the seller’s rights，the legislator prefers to regulate the retention-of-ownership from a functionalistic perspective，according to which the retained ownership is actually a security right.The seller，who registers the retention of ownership within 10 days after delivery，has super-priority；and in other cases，the seller’s rights are determined by reference to §414 I.The buyer acquires already ownership before the condition is fulfilled，and the transfer of ownership after the condition is fulfilled only means that the seller’s security right ceases to exist.Thus，the buyer can effectively create new security rights for a third party before the condition is fulfilled；the sub-buyer，in the ordinary course of the buyer’s business，can acquire ownership free of the seller’s rights.

Key words: Retention of Ownership, Functionalism, Priority, BIOCOB