摘要： 在兼采形式主义和功能主义的立法模式之下,所有权保留具有三种实现路径,分别为取回权机制、担保物权实现程序、合同解除及其导向的返还清算程序。取回权机制是一种私力实现方式,以买受人同意与合同未被解除为前提。担保物权实现程序可由出卖人或买受人提起,且可适用于买受人已支付75%以上价款的情形。合同解除适用一般合同解除规则,且排他性地导向返还清算程序。不过,买受人已支付大部分价款的,解除效果应比照《民法典》第758条第1款而被担保化。买受人破产后,管理人仅在所有权保留实现程序未被启动时才能行使选择权。管理人选择继续履行合同的,出卖人既可主张适用取回权机制,并在无法取回时请求适用共益债务规则,也可选择担保物权实现程序或者解除合同。管理人选择解除合同的,当事人只能进行返还清算。

关键词: 所有权保留, 取回权, 担保物权实现程序, 合同解除, 功能主义, 形式主义

Abstract: Under the present system of the combination of formalism and functionalism, reservation of ownership has three ways of enforcement: the scheme of reclamation, the enforcement procedure for property rights of security, and termination of the contract with the effect of restitution.Reclamation is a kind of private enforcement that is contingent on the buyer's approval and the contract's existence.The enforcement procedure for property rights of security can be initiated either by the seller or the buyer, and it is applicable in the situation where more than 75% price has been paid.Termination of the contract, subject to the rules of termination, will give rise to exclusively the effect of restitution.However, where more than half of the price has been paid, this effect can be adjusted according to art.758 (1) of Chinese Civil Code.In the buyer's bankruptcy, the administrator is only entitled to choose when the enforcement of reservation of ownership does not start.If the administrator choose to perform the contract, the seller can choose the enforcement procedure for property rights of security or terminate the contract, in addition to applying the scheme of reclamation and the rule of mutual benefit debt.If the administrator chooses to terminate the contract, only the effect of restitution arises.

Key words: Reservation of Ownership, Reclamation, Enforcement Procedure for Property Rights of Security, Termination of the Contract, Functionalism, Formalism