摘要： 融资租赁交易的功能化,所着眼的是出租人与第三人的权利冲突如何协调、出租人的利益如何实现,其路径是将出租人所有权的物权保护与动产抵押权同等对待。在《民法典》体系下,应当依据案件客观事实,识别普通租赁与融资租赁,再适用具体的规则。普通动产的融资租赁应在动产融资统一登记公示系统进行登记,特殊动产的融资租赁登记则应继续在原有权利登记系统展开。在出租人与第三人就租赁物产生权利冲突时,应当依据《民法典》第745条,参照适用动产抵押权的登记对抗规则。至于出租人所有权与其他担保权的竞存顺位,则参照适用动产抵押权的顺位规则,并以《民法典》第416条作为特别适用的规则。在承租人违约后,出租人可以准用担保债权的实现路径,即在主张租金加速到期的前提下,可通过普通民事诉讼程序或“实现担保物权案件”的特别程序,同时主张就租赁物价值受偿。同时,出租人还可以依据《民法典》第752条,选择解除合同、收回租赁物。在承租人破产时,出租人无权行使破产取回权,但在其权利已登记时,可以申报担保债权,否则只能申报普通债权。

关键词: 融资租赁, 功能主义, 顺位, 违约, 破产

Abstract: It is how to regulate the priority conflicts between the lessor and the third parties that the functionalism focuses on, as well as how to realize the interests of the lessor, by treating the title of the lessor the same as the chattel mortgage at the property rights level.Under the system of the Civil Code, the application of specific rules should be put after the discrimination between the common lease and financial lease based on the facts of cases.To publicize the financial lease on ordinary movables, the lessor should file at the Uniform Registration and Publicity System of Movables Financing.Nevertheless, the filing related to the special movables should be kept in the pre-existing systems.When the lessor's right conflicts with the third parties,“the filing antagonism rule” of the chattel mortgage should be applied by analogy according to the Article 745 of the Civil Code.When it comes to the priorities between the lessor and other security interests, the priority rule of the chattel mortgage should govern due to the analogy, while the Article 416 of the Civil Code should be applied specifically.The lessor can claim for the acceleration of the rent and being paid by the value of the leased property by the common civil litigation procedure or “the special procedure of enforcing the secured interests” if the lessee breaches the contract.The lessor can also take back the leased property after discharge the contract based on the Article 752.After the commencement of the lessee's bankruptcy, the lessor shall not claim for the bankruptcy recall right, but he/she can file the secured claim if the title has been filed, or file for the unsecured claim otherwise.

Key words: Financial Lease, Functionalism, Priority, Breach of the Contract, Bankruptcy