摘要： 司法改革既是法律问题，更是文化问题。法律制度的冲突容易化解，文化的冲突粘稠难融。近代中国司法文化的发展存在多层面的冲突，诸如：主权独立文化与司法权独立文化层面的冲突；司法制度文化与司法效应文化层面的冲突；精英文化与政治、社会文化层面的冲突。由于这些冲突，近代法律在社会生活中未能发挥应有的效用，也不能得到人民应有的尊重，先进司法体制的异化变质，使人民的法律权益得不到保护，也把社会推入无序状态，从而引发暴动或革命，导致法律发展的新断层。当今社会，要使法律发挥应有的效用，确保司法制度与社会文化的和谐适度，营造合适的法律文化环境依然任重道远，“公正的司法”仍是今日中国迫切完成的任务。

关键词: 司法文化 , 司法独立 , 冲突

Abstract: The judicial reform is not only a legal problem，but also a cultural problem．Conflicts which are among deferent legal systems could be resolved easily，but conflicts among deferent kinds of culture is not like that．Thereare muhti—lavers conflicts among the judicial culture in Modem China，such as the conflict between the culture of”fullsovereignty and judicial independence，the conflict between the culture of judicial system and judicial effect and the conflict between intellectual culture and political or social culture．Because of these conflicts，modern laws didn’t play theirrole well in social life，and people didn’t respect the law sincerely．Basing on the dissimilation of advanced legal systems，people’s legal rights couldn’t be protected．At the same time，the society Was put into chaos and sparked off a series riots or revolution．The process of legal modernization Was broken again．In order to make the law work well and harmonize the relation between legal system and social culture in contemporary China，we should do our best to create a goodlegal cultural environment and fulfill the urgent task of fair judicature．

Key words: judicial culture, judicial independence, conflict