摘要： 基于风险评估的食品安全风险行政调查，是指行政机关依据风险食品的类型及风险食品生产经营者监管风险食品的能力级别来确定调查等级和强度，从而实施相应的行政调查。该项制度的基本内容包括三个方面：行政机关建构食品安全风险指标体系，确立风险食品类型；行政机关建构食品生产经营者防范食品安全风险能力的指标体系，对其予以分级；行政机关依据风险系数分值，确定行政调查等级。该项制度的合理性在于：能够确保行政机关行使裁量性的调查权力符合理性；能够缓解行政调查执法成本过高与执法人力和物力短缺之间的矛盾；能够较好平衡食品生产经营者与消费者之间的利益，确保社会福利最大化；在行政执法资源既定的条件下，有助于行政机关实现最佳威慑效果。为将该制度在全国范围内推广，需要通过行政法来规范。行政法需要为行政机关、食品生产经营者以及社会公众等主体配置相应的权利(职权)与义务(职责)，特别是要规定食品生产经营者以及社会公众享有充分的正当程序权利，以及行政机关违反正当程序义务时的法律责任。

关键词: 风险评估, 行政调查, 食品安全, 行政法

Abstract: The definition of the food safety risk administrative investigation based on risk assessment is that in  terms of the types of risk foods and the abilities of the food business operators responsiblefor regulating the food safety risks, the executive decides the investigation level and intensity, so as to implement appropriate  administrative investigation. The contents of this institution include three aspects: the executive should construct the food safety risk index systems and decide the types of risk foods; the executive should build the index systems of the food producers copacity of preveating food scfety risks and groding them; according to the risk factor scores, the executive should decide the level of administrative investigation. The reasons of establishing such system lie in four points: to ensure the discretionary investigation power used by the executive in line with the rationality, to mitigate the contradiction between the high costs of the administrative investigation of the executive and the shortages of the manpower and material of the executive, to better balance the interests between the consumers and the food production enterprises and to help the executive to achieve the optimal deterrence purpose. to be used in the country, the system should be legitimized by the administrative law, which should formulate the corresponding rights（powers）and obligations（duties）of  the executive, the food producers and traders and the public, in particular, provide the full due process  rights that the food producers and traders and the public can enjoy, as well as the law liability that the executive violate the due process nghts.

Key words: Risk Assessment, Administrative Investigation, Food Safety, Administrative Law