摘要：

在“看得见的”个案事实之外，还经常存在着一些不容易被直接发现，但却客观存在，并会对人的行动产生影响和约束，甚至会对案件结果产生关键性影响的“看不见的事实”。法官往往需要借助科学知识，特别是社会科学知识，才能有效地发现这些“看不见的事实”。有专门知识的人士出庭进行说明或提出意见，社会调查报告和评估量表的运用，以及法官在司法审判中主动运用社会科学知识认定事实、进行说理等，是社会科学知识进入司法实践并助力于法官发现“看不见的事实”的较常见方式。在我国当下的司法实践中，社会科学知识作为证据，在发现“看不见的事实”的过程中已经有一些运用，但仍存在一定的风险和盲区，需要立法上的进一步完善。可以从准入资格、可靠性和证明力、利害关系人回避、防止滥用等方面予以规定并严格适用，克服其可能会被滥用的风险。通过社会科学知识发现“看不见的事实”，有助于法官查清整体案件事实，作出合理判决，帮助司法打通与实质正义之间的“最后一公里路”。

关键词: 司法审判, 事实认定, 社会科学知识, 证据, 法律和社会科学

Abstract:

In addition to“visible”case facts，there are often some“invisible”facts that are not easy to be discovered directly but exist objectively，which will affect and constrain people's actions，even have a key impact on the outcome of the case.To discover these“invisible facts”effectively，Judges need scientific knowledge，especially social science.Social science knowledge enters judicial practice helping judges discover“invisible facts”in several ways：people with specialized knowledge appear in court to explain or make comments using social survey reports and assessment scales；judges actively use social science knowledge to determine facts and reason，and so on.In judicial practice，social science knowledge has been used as evidence，which also leads to certain risks and blind spots that need to be further improved in legislation.To overcome risks of abuse，it can be regulated and applied strictly in terms of access qualification，reliability，degree of proof，stakeholder avoidance，prevention of abuse，etc.The“invisible facts”discovered through social science knowledge helps judges to find out the facts of the whole case and make reasonable judgment，which address the last mile between judicial access and substantive justice.

Key words: Justice, Fact Finding, Social Science Knowledge, Invisible Facts, Law and Social Sciences